History should not be taught as a series of isolated, decontextualised events. This is what Paulo Freire calls “banking”, which allows the students only to memorise and sort information so that it can be reproduced upon demand (Freire 58). There is no emphasis placed on the ability to transfer knowledge from one application to another, which can help the student to “create new knowledge and arrive at further understandings” (40 Wiggins). In the context of U.S.
History, transferability might mean the ability to relate past events to current politics or to American literature. The importance of transferability extends outside the realm of social sciences. In English, a student might learn the functions of different parts of speech; but he will not be able to improve his sentence structure with this knowledge unless he can use it appropriately. Analogously, a student of mathematics may be able to solve simple algebraic problems with fractions, but that does not guarantee his ability to execute more complex operations with dimensional analysis.
‘She’s had to see the loss of her mom, in the way that I was a mom with her,’ the actress told People. ‘Dancing with her every day. Picking her up from school every day. Working at her school, working in the library. Being present out of the house, out of my bed. She doesn’t see those things anymore.’ Just as a curriculum that is narrow and decontextualised is impractical, one that exclusively involves the students’ hobbies and pastimes is also limiting. What is learned in school should not be constrained in application; it should be ensured that whatever the student is learning, that he is able to apply it to multiple domains.
‘When my mom’s like, “I’m in pain right now. I’m having tremors.” If I didn’t have [POTS], I probably would be like…I don’t know what you’re talking about. But I actually have tremors from POTS,’ Sadie explained. ‘It’s definitely a lot easier to understand kindergarten worksheets reading comprehension what she’s going through when I have something I’m going through as well.’ In order to provide appropriate feedback to students, teachers must fulfill another role: to either have expert knowledge of the subject of study, or the readiness and eagerness to develop existing knowledge of the subject in a classroom setting.
A teacher who does not know her material, or does not care about it, cannot help students engage themselves in the material; nor can she break the information down into less complex parts. In Lee Sculman’s theoretical framework of Pedagogical Content Knowledge, teaching “includes presenting the material by using figurative language and metaphors” (Teacher’s) and thereby representing it in ways more accessible to students. Furthermore, this representation of material should be in accordance with popular domains of interest to the class, when it is possible to transform the content in such a way without distorting it.
Role of Assessment The student’s grade should not necessarily reflect how many answers he got wrong or summer tutoring programs kids right on his tests or how his projects compared to the rest of his class; instead, they should be a measurement of the progress he has made over the course of his education.
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